Hemorrhoids, commonly called piles, are swollen blood vessels located in the lower rectum or around the anus. This condition is very common and usually develops due to increased pressure in the rectal area. While hemorrhoids are not life-threatening, they can significantly affect daily comfort and quality of life.
What Are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids occur when veins in the rectal or anal region become enlarged and inflamed. Increased pressure from straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting, pregnancy, or chronic constipation can contribute to their development. Hemorrhoids may be internal or external depending on their location.
Types of Hemorrhoids
Internal Hemorrhoids
Internal hemorrhoids form inside the rectum. They usually do not cause pain but may lead to painless rectal bleeding during bowel movements. In advanced cases, they can prolapse outside the anus.
External Hemorrhoids
External hemorrhoids develop under the skin around the anus. They may cause pain, swelling, itching, and discomfort, especially while sitting or during bowel movements.
Thrombosed Hemorrhoids
When a blood clot forms within an external hemorrhoid, it is called a thrombosed hemorrhoid. This condition can cause sudden and severe pain along with inflammation.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Straining during bowel movements
- Low-fiber diet
- Prolonged sitting
- Pregnancy and childbirth
- Obesity
- Aging
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
- Painless rectal bleeding
- Anal itching or irritation
- Pain or discomfort near the anus
- Swelling or a lump around the anal area
- Mucus discharge after bowel movements
Diagnosis
Hemorrhoids are usually diagnosed through physical examination. In some cases, doctors may recommend procedures such as anoscopy or colonoscopy to rule out other causes of rectal bleeding.
Treatment Options
Lifestyle and Dietary Management
Most hemorrhoids improve with lifestyle changes such as increasing dietary fiber, drinking enough water, avoiding straining, and maintaining regular bowel habits.
Medications
Over-the-counter creams, ointments, and suppositories may help relieve pain, itching, and inflammation. These treatments provide symptomatic relief.
Medical Procedures
If symptoms persist, doctors may recommend medical procedures such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or other minimally invasive treatments.
Home Care and Sitz Bath
A sitz bath involves sitting in warm water for 10–15 minutes. It can help reduce pain, swelling, and discomfort associated with hemorrhoids. Maintaining proper hygiene is equally important.
When to See a Doctor
You should consult a healthcare professional if symptoms do not improve, worsen, or if rectal bleeding continues. Early evaluation helps ensure proper care.
Prevention Tips
- Eat a fiber-rich diet
- Stay hydrated
- Avoid prolonged sitting
- Exercise regularly
- Maintain a healthy weight
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Frequently Asked Questions
Are hemorrhoids serious?
Hemorrhoids are usually not serious, but untreated symptoms can cause discomfort and affect daily activities.
Can hemorrhoids heal naturally?
Mild hemorrhoids may improve with dietary changes, hydration, and proper bowel habits.
Is surgery always required?
No. Surgery is considered only when conservative treatments fail or symptoms are severe.
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
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