यह लेख केवल educational / academic purpose के लिए है। Miscarriage एक emotionally और medically sensitive condition है। Diagnosis और treatment केवल qualified Gynecologist द्वारा किया जाना चाहिए।
Overview (परिचय)
Miscarriage को pregnancy loss भी कहा जाता है, जिसमें 20 weeks से पहले pregnancy अपने-आप समाप्त हो जाती है।
Miscarriage काफ़ी common है और लगभग 10–20% clinically recognized pregnancies में हो सकता है। अधिकांश cases में यह chromosomal abnormality के कारण होता है।
Definition (परिभाषा)
Medical Definition (MBBS/MD)
Miscarriage is defined as spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation or fetal weight <500 g.
Simple Explanation
जब pregnancy शुरुआती महीनों में किसी कारणवश अपने-आप रुक जाती है और भ्रूण का विकास जारी नहीं रह पाता, उसे miscarriage कहते हैं।
Types of Miscarriage
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Threatened abortion | Bleeding present, cervix closed, pregnancy viable |
| Inevitable abortion | Bleeding + cervical dilation |
| Incomplete abortion | Products of conception partially expelled |
| Complete abortion | All products expelled |
| Missed abortion | Fetal death without expulsion |
| Recurrent miscarriage | ≥2–3 consecutive losses |
Symptoms of Miscarriage – Simple Meaning + Medicines
1. Vaginal Bleeding
Simple meaning: Pregnancy ke dauran vagina se khoon aana.
Pathophysiology: Decidual separation → uterine contractions
| Form | Medicine | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet | Tranexamic Acid | 500 mg | BD | 3–5 days |
| Injection | Tranexamic Acid | 500–1000 mg | IV slow | Hospital setting |
2. Lower Abdominal Pain / Cramping
Simple meaning: Pet ke niche hissa me dard ya cramps.
Cause: Uterine contractions
| Form | Medicine | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet | Paracetamol | 500 mg | BD–TDS | 3–5 days |
| Injection | Paracetamol IV | 1 g | 8 hourly | Short term |
3. Passage of Tissue / Clots
Simple meaning: Vagina se mass ya clots nikalna.
Clinical significance: Incomplete or complete abortion ka indication
⚠️ Is situation me hospital evaluation zaruri hoti hai
4. Fever (Septic Abortion Risk)
Simple meaning: Infection ke कारण बुखार.
| Form | Medicine | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet | Paracetamol | 500 mg | BD | 3–5 days |
| Injection | Broad-spectrum antibiotics | As per protocol | IV | Cause-based |
5. Weakness / Dizziness
Simple meaning: Khoon zyada bahne se weakness.
Cause: Acute blood loss → anemia
| Form | Medicine | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet | Iron | 60 mg elemental | OD–BD | 2–3 months |
| Syrup | Hematinic | 10 ml | BD | 6–8 weeks |
| Injection | Blood transfusion | As needed | Hospital | Severe anemia |
Pathogenesis (MD Level)
- Chromosomal abnormalities (most common)
- Hormonal deficiency (progesterone)
- Uterine anomalies
- Infections
- Autoimmune causes (APS)
- Maternal systemic illness
Diagnosis & Pathology Tests
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Urine pregnancy test / β-hCG | Pregnancy confirmation |
| Ultrasound (TVS) | Viability, retained products |
| CBC | Anemia, infection |
| Blood group & Rh | Rh-negative management |
| CRP / Culture | Septic abortion |
Medicines Summary (Tablet | Syrup | Injection)
Tablet
- Tranexamic Acid – bleeding
- Paracetamol – pain / fever
- Iron / Folic Acid – anemia
Syrup
- Hematinic syrup
Injection
- Tranexamic Acid IV
- Antibiotics IV
- Blood transfusion
Diet After Miscarriage
Recommended Food
- Iron-rich food (green vegetables)
- Protein-rich diet
- Fruits & fluids
🔗 Internal: Anemia – Causes & Treatment
Avoiding Food
- Alcohol
- Junk food
- Excess caffeine
FAQs
Miscarriage के बाद दुबारा pregnancy possible है।?
हां, ज्यादातर cases में next pregnancy normal होती है।.
कितना समय बाद pregnancy plan करें।?
Usually 2–3 months बाद (doctor advice के अनुसार)।
क्या miscarriage prevent हो सकता है।?
हर case prevent नहीं होता, पर risk factors control किये जा सकते हैं।।
Related Internal Articles
References
- WHO
- ACOG
- NICE Guidelines
- StatPearls