यह लेख केवल educational / academic purpose के लिए है। Preeclampsia और Eclampsia medical emergencies हो सकती हैं। Treatment केवल qualified Obstetrician द्वारा किया जाना चाहिए।
Overview (परिचय)
Preeclampsia और Eclampsia pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders हैं जो आमतौर पर 20 weeks ke baad दिखाई देते हैं।
Preeclampsia में high blood pressure + proteinuria होती है, जबकि Eclampsia में इसके साथ seizures (fits) भी हो जाते हैं।
Definition (परिभाषा)
Preeclampsia – Medical Definition
Preeclampsia is defined as new-onset hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) after 20 weeks of gestation associated with proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction.
Eclampsia – Medical Definition
Eclampsia is the occurrence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in a woman with preeclampsia not attributable to other causes.
Simple Explanation
Pregnancy ke dauran jab BP achanak badh jata hai aur kidney, brain, liver jaise organs affect hone lagte hain, use Preeclampsia kehte hain। Agar isi condition me daure (fits) aa jayein, to use Eclampsia kehte hain।
Types of Preeclampsia
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Mild Preeclampsia | BP ≥140/90, mild proteinuria |
| Severe Preeclampsia | BP ≥160/110, organ involvement |
| Eclampsia | Preeclampsia + seizures |
Symptoms – Simple Meaning + Medicines
1. High Blood Pressure
Simple meaning: Pregnancy के बाद BP का abnormal तरीके से बढ़ना।
Pathophysiology: Placental ischemia → endothelial dysfunction → vasoconstriction
| Form | Medicine | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet | Labetalol | 100–200 mg | BD–TDS | BP controlled hone tak |
| Tablet | Nifedipine | 10–20 mg | BD | As advised |
| Injection | Labetalol IV | 20 mg | Every 10 min (max protocol) | Emergency |
2. Headache
Simple meaning: BP बढ़ने सेदिमाग पर pressure बढ़ता है.
| Form | Medicine | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet | Paracetamol | 500 mg | BD | 3–5 days |
3. Swelling (Edema)
Simple meaning: Face, हाथ, पैर फुलने लगते हैं।.
Cause: Increased capillary permeability
⚠️ Diuretics routine में recommend नहीं होते सिर्फ selected cases में specialist advice पर
4. Visual Disturbance
Simple meaning: धुंधला दिखना, light flashes.
Cause: Cerebral edema / retinal vasospasm
Management: Immediate BP control + hospital admission
5. Seizures (Eclampsia)
Simple meaning: Daure (fits) padna – medical emergency.
| Form | Medicine | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection | Magnesium Sulphate | 4 g IV + 5 g IM | As per Pritchard regimen | 24 hours |
Pathogenesis (MD Level)
- Abnormal placentation
- Placental ischemia
- Release of anti-angiogenic factors
- Endothelial dysfunction
- Systemic vasoconstriction
Pathology & Diagnostic Tests
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| BP monitoring | Hypertension assessment |
| Urine protein | Proteinuria detection |
| CBC | Platelet count |
| LFT | HELLP syndrome |
| KFT | Renal function |
Medicines Summary
Tablet
- Labetalol
- Nifedipine
- Methyldopa
- Paracetamol
Injection
- Magnesium sulphate
- Labetalol IV
Diet in Preeclampsia
Recommended Food
- High protein diet
- Fresh fruits
- Green vegetables
- Adequate fluids
Avoiding Food
- High salt food
- Processed food
- Excess caffeine
FAQs
Preeclampsia कब होती है?
Usually 20 weeks के बाद pregnancy में
क्या eclampsia जानलेवा होती है?
हां, अगर समय पर treatment ना मिले.
Delivery के बाद ठीक हो जाती है?
ज्यादातर cases में delivery के बाद improve होती है.
Related Internal Articles
References
- WHO
- ACOG
- NICE Guidelines
- StatPearls