Disclaimer: This content is written for educational and informational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any medication.
What is Sodium Bicarbonate?
Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃. In medical practice, it is widely used to correct acid–base imbalances, especially metabolic acidosis. It is available in oral, injectable, and intravenous forms depending on clinical need.
Chemical and Physiological Role
Sodium bicarbonate acts as an alkalinizing agent. It increases blood pH by neutralizing excess hydrogen ions, thereby helping maintain normal physiological acid–base balance. This buffering action is essential for normal cellular and enzymatic functions.
Medical Uses of Sodium Bicarbonate
- Management of metabolic acidosis
- Emergency treatment during cardiac arrest
- Urinary alkalinization in certain poisonings
- Relief of acid indigestion and heartburn
- Adjunct therapy in chronic kidney disease
Dosage and Administration
The dosage of sodium bicarbonate varies depending on the indication:
- Oral: Used for mild acidosis or indigestion
- IV Injection: Used in severe metabolic acidosis and emergencies
Dosage should always be calculated and administered by healthcare professionals.
Mechanism of Action
Sodium bicarbonate dissociates into sodium and bicarbonate ions. The bicarbonate ion binds excess hydrogen ions, forming carbonic acid, which is then converted to carbon dioxide and water. This process raises blood pH and corrects acidosis.
Side Effects
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Fluid overload
- Electrolyte imbalance (especially sodium retention)
- Muscle twitching or cramps
Precautions and Contraindications
- Patients with heart failure
- Renal impairment
- Hypertension
- Respiratory alkalosis
Drug Interactions
Sodium bicarbonate may alter the absorption or excretion of certain drugs by changing gastric or urinary pH. Caution is advised when used with other alkalinizing agents.
Internal Links (Related Articles)
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External Trusted References
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is sodium bicarbonate safe for daily use?
Regular daily use without medical supervision is not recommended due to the risk of alkalosis and sodium overload.
Why is sodium bicarbonate used in acidosis?
It neutralizes excess acid in the blood, restoring normal pH levels.
Can sodium bicarbonate be used in kidney disease?
Yes, but only under strict medical supervision.
Source: www.mahfoozmedicalhealth.com