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Hypotension, commonly known as low blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood pressure is lower than normal, typically below 90/60 mmHg. While low blood pressure can be harmless for some individuals, in others it may indicate an underlying medical problem requiring attention.
What Is Hypotension?
Blood pressure measures the force of blood pushing against artery walls. Hypotension occurs when this pressure is insufficient to deliver adequate oxygen and nutrients to vital organs such as the brain and heart.
Types of Hypotension
- Orthostatic Hypotension: Sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up
- Postprandial Hypotension: Occurs after eating meals
- Neurally Mediated Hypotension: Related to nervous system reflexes
- Severe Hypotension (Shock): Life-threatening condition
Common Causes of Low Blood Pressure
- Dehydration
- Heart conditions (heart failure, arrhythmia)
- Blood loss
- Endocrine disorders (thyroid, adrenal insufficiency)
- Medications (diuretics, antidepressants)
- Severe infections (sepsis)
Symptoms of Hypotension
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fainting (syncope)
- Blurred vision
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Confusion (in severe cases)
How Hypotension Is Diagnosed
Diagnosis is based on blood pressure readings along with medical history and physical examination. Additional tests may include:
- Blood tests
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Echocardiography
- Tilt-table test
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity:
- Increasing fluid and salt intake (if advised)
- Adjusting medications
- Compression stockings
- Medications to raise blood pressure (in severe cases)
When to See a Doctor
If low blood pressure is accompanied by fainting, chest pain, shortness of breath, or confusion, immediate medical attention is required.
Prevention and Lifestyle Tips
- Drink adequate water
- Avoid sudden position changes
- Eat small, balanced meals
- Limit alcohol intake
Related Internal Topics
Trusted External References
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is hypotension dangerous?
Mild hypotension may not be dangerous, but severe or sudden drops in blood pressure can be life-threatening.
Can hypotension be cured?
In many cases, hypotension can be effectively managed by treating the underlying cause.
What foods help increase blood pressure?
Salted foods, fluids, and balanced nutrition may help, but dietary changes should be guided by a doctor.
Is low blood pressure common in young people?
Yes, especially in thin individuals or athletes, but symptoms should always be evaluated.