Cardiovascular System (हृदय तंत्र) - Complete Guide
By Mahafooj Ansari | LifeCare Hospital
Structure (संरचना)
The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood. It functions as the body’s transport system.
- Heart (हृदय) – Four chambers (Atria and Ventricles)
- Arteries (धमनियां) – Carry oxygenated blood
- Veins (शिराएं) – Carry deoxygenated blood
- Capillaries (केशिकाएं) – Exchange of gases & nutrients
Functions (कार्य)
- Oxygen and nutrient transport
- Removal of CO₂ and waste
- Regulation of body temperature
- Hormonal distribution
- Immune system circulation
Common Diseases (सामान्य रोग)
- Hypertension (उच्च रक्तचाप)
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
- Heart Failure (हृदय विफलता)
- Arrhythmia (अनियमित धड़कन)
- Cardiomyopathy
Symptoms (लक्षण)
- सीने में दर्द (Chest pain)
- धड़कन तेज होना (Palpitations)
- साँस फूलना (Breathlessness)
- थकावट (Fatigue)
- बेहोशी (Fainting)
- सूजन (Edema in legs)
Treatment (इलाज)
1. Hypertension:
- Telmisartan 40mg – 1 Tablet daily (सुबह खाली पेट)
- Amlodipine 5mg – 1 Tablet (रात में भोजन के बाद)
2. Heart Attack:
- Aspirin 75mg – Lifelong once daily
- Atorvastatin 40mg – At night
- Clopidogrel 75mg – After food
- Emergency Angioplasty or Thrombolysis
3. Arrhythmia:
- Amiodarone 200mg – Under ECG guidance
- Beta-blockers (e.g. Metoprolol)
Pathology Tests (पैथोलॉजी जांच)
- ECG (Electrocardiogram)
- Echo Cardiogram
- Troponin I (Heart Attack Test)
- Lipid Profile
- Blood Pressure Monitoring
- Coronary Angiography
Dietary Advice (आहार सुझाव)
Foods to Avoid ❌
- तली-भुनी चीजें
- ज्यादा नमक
- Trans fats
- Smoking & Alcohol
Recommended Foods ✅
- फल और सब्जियाँ
- Whole grains
- Omega-3 (Fish, Flaxseed)
- Olive oil
- Low-fat dairy
Prevention (रोकथाम)
- नियमित व्यायाम
- Low salt & low fat diet
- Blood pressure control
- No smoking or alcohol
- Regular health checkups
- Stress management
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